JLPT N4 · Time and reason

N1 または N2

Or (formal)

Meaning

Offers a choice between options; more formal than 〜か〜. Common in notices, forms and instructions.

Formation

  1. N + または + N: 黒または青のペン; the particle follows the second noun: メールまたは電話で
  2. It can join clauses in instructions: 電話する、またはメールを送る
  3. Casual equivalents: 〜か〜; in a question, それとも

When to use it

Core use
Or (formal)

Example

黒くろまたは青あおのペンで書いかいてください

Please write with a black or blue pen.

Important notes

  • Pay attention to the word form before the construction and to the particles around it.

Common mistakes

  • Do not translate the pattern word for word; first identify its function in the whole situation.

Similar grammar

    All N4 grammarOpen in the app