N5 grammar

Forms the basic use of an i-adjective

Forms the negative of an i-adjective

Forms the past of an i-adjective

Forms the past negative of an i-adjective

Forms the basic use of a na-adjective

Forms the negative of a na-adjective

Forms the past of a na-adjective

Forms the past negative of a na-adjective

Links qualities and states

Describes a change in quality or state

Shows an excessive degree or action

Describes a feature or aspect of a topic

Turns a statement into a question

States that an object or living being exists

States where an object or living being is located

Points to an object by its distance

Modifies a noun according to the object's distance

Points to a place by its distance

Asks which item among several is meant

Asks about a person or thing

Asks about a place or direction

Asks when an event occurs

Asks about a state, method, or opinion

Asks how an action is performed

Asks for the reason behind an event

Asks about the kind or quality of a thing

Asks about price, quantity, or age

Refers to something indefinite or to nothing

Refers to someone or somewhere, or to no one

Politely indicates a direction, place, or person

Describes the result of an intentional action

States experience of performing an action

Lists representative or selected actions

Expresses a preference or dislike for an object

Expresses a preference or dislike for an action

Evaluates skill at performing an action

Turns an action or quality into the topic

Describes giving an object from me to someone

Describes giving an object to me or my group

Describes receiving an object from another person

Shows that information is understood

Builds the basic sentence 'X is Y'

Forms a polite nominal statement

Forms a plain informal statement

Forms a polite nominal negative

Forms a plain informal negative

Forms a statement in the past tense

Forms a negative nominal statement in the past

Expresses a supposition or asks for confirmation

Marks the statement topic or a contrast

Marks the subject or new information

Marks an action object or movement route

Marks possession, type, or relation

Adds 'also' or 'none' when used with a negative

Marks the exact time of an action

Marks existence location or movement goal

Marks a recipient, purpose, or result

Marks a direction of movement

Marks the place of an action

Marks a means, material, or language

Links nouns in a complete list

Marks a participant in a shared action

Lists examples without closing the list

Offers a choice between options A and B

Marks a starting point in time or space

Marks an end point in time or space

Defines a range from its start to its end

Marks the subject inside a noun-modifying clause

Replaces an understood noun

Grants permission or asks for it

Forbids an action

Forbids an action in casual speech

Expresses a direct and strong prohibition

Expresses an obligation to perform an action

Removes the obligation to perform an action

Advises performing or avoiding an action

Expresses a wish to perform an action

Expresses a wish to obtain an object

Marks an action as the purpose of movement

Expresses a settled intention or plan

Forms a choice or settled decision

Limits a meaning to one item or action

Shows an approximate amount, time, or degree

Compares N1 and N2 by a chosen quality

Selects the highest degree within a group

Expresses the highest degree or preference

States a person or animal's age

Expresses quantity, frequency, and duration

Suggests performing an action together

Politely invites someone to act together

Forms a polite request to perform an action

Asks for confirmation or shared agreement

Emphasizes new or important information

Turns a statement into an explanation

Adds a polite nuance to a word

Marks a quotation, thought, or report

Marks a casual quotation or topic

Links statements with a soft contrast

Offers a shared action or personal help

Forms a polite request not to act

Forms a polite request for an object

Links sequential actions A and B

Shows that one action follows another

Places an event before an action or event

Places an event after an action or event

Marks the time of an action or state

Names the reason for an event or decision

Names a reason in a softer way

Adds the next related fact or action

Continues a sequence with the next event

Contrasts the next fact with the previous one

Shows two actions happening at the same time

Forms polite non-past and its negative

Forms polite past and its negative

Forms the plain dictionary verb form

Forms the plain negative verb form

Forms the plain past verb form

Forms the plain past negative verb form

Forms the te-form used to link patterns

Describes an ongoing action, habit, or state

Links action B to action A not being performed

Lets a verb clause modify a noun

Names the way to perform an action

Forms the core patterns of する and 来る

Shows whether an action is done or not yet