Meaning
States that an object or living being exists.
Formation
- Inanimate: N + が + ある; living: N + が + いる
- The place is marked with に: 机の上に本がある
When to use it
- Core use
- States that an object or living being exists
Example
机の上に本がある
There is a book on the desk.
Important notes
- Word forms and particle choice depend on the pattern's role in the sentence.
Common mistakes
- Do not reorder or reshape the highlighted parts to match English word order.