N3 grammar

-ish, -like; prone to (often negative)

A bit, slightly (usually unwelcome)

Tend to, often (usually something bad)

Covered in, full of (something bad)

Suited to (向き) / aimed at (向け)

-ic, -al: 経済的な, 科学的に

Exactly as

In contrast to; whereas

On the other hand

On one hand; whereas

In return; instead

A change that only keeps going one way

Only getting worse; 'all that's left is…'; 'only… and not…'

As A changes, B changes along with it

As A changes…; in accordance with a rule

Together with; at the same time as; as (formal)

The more…, the more…

Started but not finished; "almost, nearly"

Do completely; can't get through; "utterly"

Leave as is (carelessly); nonstop

Freshly made, just done (焼きたて)

First time in (三年ぶりに); manner (話しぶり)

Finish a piece of work, with a complete result

Do something to each other or together

Into something; or deeply, fully, for a long time

See something through without giving up

If only…, but no: ～ば～のに・～ばいいのに

Unbearably, terribly (one's own feelings)

Can't help feeling (bookish)

Can't help doing; can't resist

Can't afford to keep (waiting, sitting around)

Now is no time to be doing something

No room for something (due to circumstances)

B rather than A

After all; since

Must be, surely — a confident conclusion

Obviously, of course — colloquial certainty

There's no way — a categorical denial

Can't afford to / can't not — for moral or social reasons

Not necessarily, not always

It's not that I can't — possible in principle

There is a risk that… — undesirable, formal

What was it again? — checking something half-forgotten

No need to (reassuring advice)

The best thing is to… (advice from experience)

That's how things are / one should / how… (exclamation)

Used to… (nostalgic memory)

Should, ought to (duty, opinion)

No way to do it

Have no choice but to…

Written instruction: "do / do not…"

According to: naming the source of information

Just like, as if: a vivid comparison with まるで

Doesn't look likely: Vます + そうもない / そうにない

It's no use…; it can't be helped if…

By means of; through

Regarding, concerning N (more formal than について)

For N: an evaluation from someone's standpoint

As N, in the capacity of N (role, status, position)

From N's point of view; judging from N

Compared with N

In, at (a place, field or time) — formal counterpart of で

In place of N, on behalf of N (replacement)

Starting with N: a lead example, then the whole group

Around N; centered on N; mainly N

Based on N: material, source, data

Putting a feeling into it: with love, with gratitude

Speaking of N; when it comes to N; and the N — beyond words

N means…: defining a word or idea

N such as N1 and N2 (examples of a kind)

It is X, sure, but…: admitting with a reservation

About, concerning: the topic of talk, thought or writing

Contrary to expectations, forecasts, wishes or rules

Only after; not until it is done

Get by without…; get off lightly

It's all right, I don't mind (polite)

Must not (rules, morals, formal)

That's the rule, that's the arrangement: ～ことになっている

Try to; be about to; refuse to

Pretend, act as if

Think you've done it; act as if…

Make it a rule to (not) do something

Without doing (written-style ないで)

I hope…, it would be nice if…: ～といい・～たらいい・～ばいい

Vるには: in order to…, you need / it's best to

Depending on

About; so much that

Nothing is as … as …

Rather than A, better B

Nothing beats this

Even (an extreme case): 水さえ飲めない

Even, as far as (beyond expectations): 雨まで降ってきた

Precisely, exactly (emphasis): 今年こそ, だからこそ

Belittling, examples, surprise: 私なんか, 来るなんて

Casual “even, too”; 誰だって — everyone

As much as one can/wants: 食べたいだけ, できるだけ

Far from A — actually B / not even B

Not only A but also B

Not only A, but even B

Not just N — others too

Of all times; not N, of all people; only

A goes without saying, and B too

Both A and B — listing similar facts

On top of that — facts of the same kind

Not particularly; 'nothing much'

Never, by no means; far from

Rarely, hardly ever (frequency)

No way (I can), simply impossible

At all costs; just can't (no matter what)

B rather than A; if anything, the opposite

Too, excessively; out of sheer (emotion)

Hard (almost impossible) to do: believe, forgive

Amount＋は: at least, no less than

Tell or ask someone to do (or not do) something

Humble "allow me to…", "with your permission, I'll…"

Go on, try it / have a look: ～てごらん (to a junior)

While the chance lasts; in the process

The whole span or a moment inside it

About to; in progress; just finished

Every time

While at it, along the way

Because of; due to

Caused by

Right in the middle of something (when…)

The moment…, (suddenly)…

Ever since… (and still now)

Not until… did I (realize / manage)

When…, on the occasion of… (formal)

A sparked B: the trigger for a new start or change

Throughout a whole period or across a whole area

Roughly from … to …: a range with fuzzy limits

Through a go-between or experience; all through a period

Every N; with each time, more and more

Thanks to: the cause of a good result (or irony)

Because of: the culprit behind a bad result; せいか = maybe

"The thing is...": a personal excuse or apology

As a result of (a check, discussion or effort)

That's why / so: a conclusion from known facts

Supposing that…; if we assume…

Even if (we suppose)…

Even if… (a strong supposition)

No matter how (much)…

As long as…; all it takes is…

As long as…; unless…; as far as I know

Even granting A, still…; whether A or B

Surprisingly … for A: 初めてにしては上手

Considering A, unexpectedly…; for how A it is

Even though (with reproach): and yet…

Although, despite (formal): 残念ながら

Though you could call it A, it's not much

Just because A doesn't mean B

Did it and that was that; only, just

On the way; in the middle of something, unfinished

From the fact that…; hence the name

After doing A, then B; in doing (Vる上で)

中 — ちゅう 'in progress, within'; じゅう 'all through'

Casual 'even if' (= ても)