Meaning
まで after a noun adds a surprising, “last straw” item to what is already there: “and even X”, “it went as far as X”. It often carries surprise, admiration or annoyance.
Formation
- N + まで (replaces が/を): 雨が降ってきた → 雨まで降ってきた
- N + particle (に・と・で…) + まで: 先生に笑われた → 先生にまで笑われた
- N + までも (stronger, often までもが): 社長 → 社長までもが反対した
When to use it
- Where to use it
- When something even more unexpected is added on top: 子どもまで知っている “even kids know”, 雨まで降ってきた “and now it’s even raining”. Often used with 〜し, 〜だけでなく, 〜てしまう.
- Where not to use it
- This is not まで “until, as far as” (駅まで歩く) or までに “by (a deadline)” (五時までに). With negatives まで(は) tends to limit: 名前までは知らない “I don’t know them well enough to know their name”; for “not even” about the most basic thing, さえ or も is more natural.
Examples
20 sentences-
電車は遅れるし、雨まで降ってきた。
The train’s running late, and now it’s even started to rain.
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この歌は人気で、小さい子どもまで歌っている。
This song is so popular that even little kids are singing it.
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親友にまで嘘をつかれて、ショックだった。
Even my best friend lied to me — I was shocked.
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社長までもが、その案に反対したそうです。
Apparently even the company president opposed that plan.
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えっ、猫の服まで買ったの?
What, you even bought clothes for the cat?
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彼女は料理が得意で、パンまで焼くんです。
She’s a great cook — she even bakes bread.
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面接で、家族のことまで聞かれました。
At the interview, they even asked me about my family.
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健康のために、毎朝のコーヒーまでやめたんですか?
You even gave up your morning coffee for your health?
12 more examples
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ゲームで、小学生の弟にまで負けてしまった。
I even lost a game to my little brother, who’s still in elementary school.
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部長は、新人の誕生日まで覚えているんですよ。
Our manager even remembers the new hires’ birthdays.
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せきが止まらなくて、とうとう熱まで出た。
My cough wouldn't stop, and in the end I even got a fever.
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近所の人にまで心配をかけてしまった。
I ended up worrying even the neighbors.
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いつも冷静な部長までもが、大声を出した。
Even our department head, who is always calm, raised his voice.
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祖父は八十歳を過ぎてから、パソコンまで習い始めた。
After turning eighty, my grandfather even started learning to use a computer.
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自分の結婚式で、ケーキまで手作りしたんですか?
You even made the cake yourself for your own wedding?
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台風で電車が止まって、停電まで起きた。
The typhoon stopped the trains and even caused a blackout.
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最近は、コンビニで薬まで買えるようになった。
These days you can even buy medicine at convenience stores.
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彼は相手チームの選手とまで仲がいい。
He's on good terms even with the players on the other team.
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休みの日にまで、会社から電話がかかってくる。
The office calls me even on my days off.
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あの事件で、町の名前まで有名になってしまった。
Because of that incident, even the name of the town became famous.
Important notes
- まで replaces が and を, but other particles stay in front of it: 弟にまで負けた.
- The tone comes from the context: admiration (誕生日まで覚えている) or irritation (雨まで降ってきた).
Common mistakes
- ✗ 雨までに降ってきた → ✓ 雨まで降ってきた — までに means “by (a deadline)”, not “even”.
- ✗ 弟までに負けた → ✓ 弟にまで負けた — the particle に (who you lost to) comes before まで; までに is a different word altogether.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
- ~さえ・~でさえさえ singles out one extreme case and is most natural in negatives (水さえ飲めない); まで adds a surprising item to those already there, usually in positive sentences.
- 〜までまで “until, as far as” marks an end point in space or time (駅まで歩く); まで “even” follows the surprising addition (子どもまで知っている).
- 〜までにまでに is a deadline, “no later than” — 金曜日までに出す; it has nothing to do with “even”.
- 〜もも simply adds “also”; まで adds with surprise, as the most extreme, unexpected item.
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