N4 grammar

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Verb pairs: state and result

Come to be able to do

Become, change into

Done on purpose and left that way

Going on from now into the future

Coming toward now, up to the present

Someone else visibly feels it

Make it different on purpose

Reports that something has appeared or been completed

Leaving things as they are

To notice

Describes what is naturally visible or audible

Have done it before

Try doing it and see

Finish it, or do it by accident

Do this and that, among others

Suddenly start doing

Start doing

An action turned into a noun

Do it over, correcting it

Finish doing

About to, doing now, just did

Keep doing

Turns an action into an object or sentence focus

I'm glad that …

I should have …

I think, in my opinion

Might, may

Looks like it, judging by sight

I hear that, from someone else

Seems so, casual impression

Apparently (from what I hear or infer); typical of

Should be so, by logic

It does not mean it is always so

There is no way it is so

An embedded yes-no question

An embedded question: where, what, when

A careful inference from signs

Like this, in the same way as

Isn't it …, didn't I say — seeking agreement

I wonder …

I heard that …

It is said that … / That means …

It is said that …

There is a sound, a smell, a feeling

You could say that …

Must, have to

May, it is okay to

Must not, is not allowed

Have to do it, casual wording

Do not have to do it

Be able to do, formal wording

Make or let someone do it

The passive form

Potential form: can do it

Asks for advice about the right action

Asks for advice with the ば conditional

Being made to do something

Intend to, mean to

Plan to, be scheduled to

For, in order to

Decide to do it myself

It has been decided that…; it has turned out that…

Try to; make a point of (not) doing

Do in advance; leave as is

So that it turns out that way

Let's do it; I will do it

I think I will do it

Too much, excessively

Only this, nothing else

Just did, or does nothing but

Even…; …or something (soft suggestion)

And so on, such as

Than, compared with

So much that, to that degree

Easy to do

Hard to do; not prone to happen

Not very, not often

Just this is enough

There is a need to do it

Not as much as the other

Hard or unpleasant to do

So many each, bit by bit

Turning a quality into a noun

Things like … and … (casual listing)

At intervals of …

Just won't …

Not at all

Please do not do it

Should, had better

Please let me do it

Do something for someone

Someone does it for me

Have someone do it for me

Say, be called

A firm instruction to do

Want someone else to do it

A very polite request

Gives a direct and forceful command

Asks the listener to make sure something is (not) done

Marks social status when giving or receiving a benefit

Makes a very polite request for an action

Humbly asks permission to perform an action

Raises the status of the listener or senior's action

Humbly describes one's action for a superior

Why not …? — a gentle suggestion

Sorry for … / Thank you for …

Very polite 'is' and 'there is'

Doing one thing while doing another

After something has finished

Before doing

Because, a softer reason

Sometimes it happens

This and that: several reasons

Only after this, then that

The whole time something lasts

Something happens within that span

By the deadline

Although, contrary to expectation

When something happens

If and when it happens

If A, then B always follows

If: a condition and its result

In case this situation arises

If that is the case

And so, as a result

What is more, another point

Because of: a formal reason

A cause expressed with the te-form

Even if, the result is the same

While it lasts, before it changes

Marks the model that an action follows

Marks purpose and the resources an action requires

Or (formal)

Even so