Meaning
An intransitive verb in the ています form describes the current state of a thing: ドアが閉まっています — the door is closed. A transitive verb in the てあります form stresses that the state results from someone's deliberate action: ドアが閉めてあります — the door has been closed and left that way.
Formation
- Result of a deliberate act: transitive て form + ある: 開けてあります
- Plain state: intransitive て form + いる: 開いています
When to use it
- Core use
- Verb pairs: state and result
Examples
32 sentences-
ドアはもう開けてあります
The door has been left open.
-
会議室のドアは開けてあります
The meeting room door has been left open.
-
ドアはもう開いています
The door is already open.
-
窓が少し開いています
The window is slightly open.
-
店はまだ開いています
The shop is still open.
-
窓はちゃんと閉めてあります
The window has been properly closed.
-
店のドアは閉めてあります
The shop door has been closed.
-
ドアはもう閉まっています
The door is already closed.
24 more examples
-
店はまだ閉まっています
The shop is still closed.
-
ふたがしっかり閉まっています
The lid is tightly closed.
-
電気は消してあります
The light has been turned off.
-
テレビはもう消してあります
The TV has already been turned off.
-
教室の電気は全部消してあります
All the lights in the classroom have been turned off.
-
電気が消えています
The light is off.
-
画面の字が消えています
The letters on the screen have disappeared.
-
遠くの明かりが消えています
The distant light is out.
-
廊下の電気はつけてあります
The hallway light has been turned on.
-
テレビはもうつけてあります
The TV has already been turned on.
-
エアコンは朝からつけてあります
The air conditioner has been left on since morning.
-
電気がついています
The light is on.
-
テレビはまだついています
The TV is still on.
-
部屋の電気がずっとついています
The room light has been on the whole time.
-
廊下の電気が消えています
The corridor light is off.
-
節電のために電気が消してあります
The light has been turned off to save electricity.
-
この時計は止まっています
This clock has stopped.
-
入口に車が止めてあります
A car has been parked at the entrance.
-
台所の窓が開いています
The kitchen window is open.
-
換気のために窓が開けてあります
The window has been opened for ventilation.
-
コップが割れています
The glass is broken.
-
ごみが袋に入れてあります
The rubbish has been put into a bag.
-
教室のドアが閉まっています
The classroom door is closed.
-
試験中なのでドアが閉めてあります
The door has been closed because an exam is in progress.
Important notes
- 開いている describes an open state; 開けてある highlights a deliberately prepared result.
Common mistakes
- An intransitive state can result from someone's action too; it does not assert that nobody opened the door.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
Hear it in podcasts
The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.
The trainer requires a free account. Examples and practice questions on this page are available without signing up.