Meaning
Shows that an action is possible or that someone is able to perform it.
Formation
- Group 1: the -i syllable shifts to the -e row plus る: 読みます → 読める
- Group 2: ます → られる (casual れる): 食べます → 食べられる
- Group 3: できる, 来られる (korareru)
- What you can do usually takes が: 日本語が話せます
When to use it
- Core use
- Potential form: can do it
Examples
20 sentences-
私はひらがなが読めます
I can read hiragana.
-
この店ではカードが使えません
Cards cannot be used at this shop.
-
私は百メートル泳げます
I can swim one hundred meters.
-
辛い料理はあまり食べられません
I cannot eat much spicy food.
-
この窓は大きく開けられます
This window can be opened wide.
-
妹は英語と日本語が話せます
My younger sister can speak English and Japanese.
-
田中さんはピアノが弾けます
Mr. Tanaka can play the piano.
-
この博物館は五時まで入れます
You can enter this museum until five.
12 more examples
-
切符はインターネットで買えます
Tickets can be bought online.
-
この荷物は一人で持てません
I cannot carry this luggage by myself.
-
小さな荷物が運べます
I can carry the small luggage.
-
青い封筒が選べます
I can choose a blue envelope.
-
古い雑誌が捨てられます
I can throw away the old magazines.
-
台所の窓が開けられます
I can open the kitchen window.
-
旅行の写真が見られます
I can look at the travel photos.
-
短い手紙が書けます
I can write a short letter.
-
友達の話が聞けます
I can listen to my friend's story.
-
駅の名前が覚えられます
I can memorize the station name.
-
このアプリで家の鍵が探せます
This app lets you search for your house key.
-
晩ご飯の準備ができます
I can prepare dinner.
Important notes
- Standard potential forms include 書ける, 食べられる and 来られる.
Common mistakes
- 食べれる is common in casual speech, but a task requesting the standard form expects 食べられる.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
Hear it in podcasts
The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.
The trainer requires a free account. Examples and practice questions on this page are available without signing up.