Meaning
Expresses necessity or obligation. It is often translated as 'must' or 'have to'.
Formation
- Drop い from the ない form and add ければ + なりません: 練習しなければなりません
- Colloquial contractions: なければ → なきゃ, なくては → なくちゃ
When to use it
- Core use
- Must, have to
Examples
20 sentences-
毎日漢字を練習しなければなりません
I must practice kanji every day.
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明日は早く起きなければなりません
I must get up early tomorrow.
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このレポートを今日中に出さなければなりません
I must submit this report by today.
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もう帰らなければなりません
I must go home now.
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図書館の本を返さなければなりません
I must return the library book.
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薬を飲まなければなりません
I must take medicine.
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約束を守らなければなりません
I must keep my promise.
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試験の前に復習しなければなりません
I must review before the test.
12 more examples
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六時までに駅に着かなければなりません
I must arrive at the station by six.
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部屋をきれいにしなければなりません
I must make the room clean.
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小さな荷物を運ばなければなりません
I have to carry the small luggage.
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青い封筒を選ばなければなりません
I have to choose a blue envelope.
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古い雑誌を捨てなければなりません
I have to throw away the old magazines.
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台所の窓を開けなければなりません
I have to open the kitchen window.
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旅行の写真を見なければなりません
I have to look at the travel photos.
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短い手紙を書かなければなりません
I have to write a short letter.
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友達の話を聞かなければなりません
I have to listen to my friend's story.
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駅の名前を覚えなければなりません
I have to memorize the station name.
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家の鍵を探さなければなりません
I have to look for the house key.
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晩ご飯の準備をしなければなりません
I have to prepare dinner.
Important notes
- The two negatives together express necessity: 行かなければならない.
Common mistakes
- This means must go, not must not go. A prohibition uses 行ってはいけない.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
Hear it in podcasts
The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.
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