Meaning
~間 links situations continuing throughout the same span, while ~間に places a distinct event or completed change inside that span. Do not substitute it for ~うちに when a disappearing opportunity matters.
Formation
- Vている+間/間に・Vる+間/間に
- い-adjective+間・な-adjective+な間・N+の間(に)
When to use it
- Where to use it
- Use ~間 when B lasts across the whole interval and ~間に for one or more bounded events within A.
- Where not to use it
- Do not use ~間 for a one-time event, or ~間に when B continues from the beginning to the end of A.
Examples
20 sentences-
父が料理をしている間、私はテーブルを片づけていた。
While my father was cooking, I was clearing the table.
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夏休みの間、毎朝プールで泳いだ。
Throughout summer vacation, I swam in the pool every morning.
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電車を待っている間、本を読んでいました。
I was reading a book while I waited for the train.
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留守の間に、荷物が届いた。
A package arrived while I was away.
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会議をしている間に、外は暗くなった。
It grew dark outside during the meeting.
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母が買い物に行っている間に、宅配便が来た。
A delivery arrived while my mother was out shopping.
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花火が上がっている間、犬は机の下に隠れていた。
The dog hid under the table the whole time the fireworks were going off.
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店員がケーキを包んでいる間に、外で雪が降り始めた。
While the clerk was wrapping the cake, it began to snow outside.
12 more examples
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京都に住んでいた間、毎週違う寺を訪ねた。
While I lived in Kyoto, I visited a different temple every week.
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少し目を離した間に、アイスを猫になめられていた。
While I looked away for a moment, the cat licked my ice cream.
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母が料理している間私はずっと子どもと遊んでいました
While my mother was cooking, I played with the child the whole time.
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夏休みの間毎朝公園を走りました
Throughout the summer holidays I ran in the park every morning.
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電車に乗っている間音楽を聞いていました
While I was on the train, I listened to music.
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雨が降っている間店の中で待ちました
I waited inside the shop while it was raining.
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父が出かけている間私が店を守ります
I look after the shop while my father is out.
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留学の間にたくさんの友達ができました
I made many friends during my studies abroad.
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子どもが遊んでいる間に夕食を作りました
I made dinner while the child was playing.
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先生が来るまでの間に準備をしましょう
Let's get ready before the teacher arrives.
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旅行している間に誕生日を迎えました
My birthday came during the trip.
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会議の間に大切なメールが届きました
An important email arrived during the meeting.
Important notes
- The particle に shifts the focus from duration to an event or completion inside the time frame.
Common mistakes
- Remember の after a noun: 夏休みの間.
- Do not treat 間に as a full synonym of うちに; 間に need not imply 'before it is too late.'
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
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