Meaning
Vます+っぱなし means something was done and then left that way, without the follow-up step: 開けっぱなし (opened and not closed), つけっぱなし (switched on and not off). The second meaning is the same state continuing without a break: 立ちっぱなし, on your feet all day. It usually sounds critical or complaining.
Formation
- Vます+っぱなし+だ/です: 開けます → 開けっぱなしだ
- Vます+っぱなし+にする: 出します → 出しっぱなしにする
- Vます+っぱなし+になる: つけます → つけっぱなしになっている
- Vます+っぱなし+の+N: 置きます → 置きっぱなしの自転車
- Vます+っぱなし+で、…: 立ちます → 立ちっぱなしで疲れた
When to use it
- Where to use it
- In daily life when something's been left on, open or out — 電気をつけっぱなしにする, 水を出しっぱなし — and in complaints about a state that drags on — 立ちっぱなし, 座りっぱなし, 負けっぱなし.
- Where not to use it
- It does not itself express a preparatory purpose; ておく does that more clearly. However, the state can be maintained deliberately: 換気のため、窓を開けっぱなしにした. っぱなし attaches only to a verb stem; “the town as before” is 昔のまま, not 古いっぱなし.
Examples
20 sentences-
冷蔵庫のドアが開けっぱなしになっているよ。
Someone's left the fridge door open!
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歯を磨くときは、水を出しっぱなしにしないでね。
Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
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駅前に置きっぱなしの自転車が増えている。
More and more bikes are being left abandoned outside the station.
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兄は私の本を借りっぱなしで、全然返してくれない。
My brother borrowed my book and still hasn't given it back.
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エアコンをつけっぱなしにしても、電気代はそんなに変わりませんか?
If I leave the air conditioner on all the time, does the electricity bill really not go up much?
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今日は一日中立ちっぱなしで、足が痛い。
I've been on my feet all day today, and my legs hurt.
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パソコンの前に座りっぱなしだと、腰を痛めますよ。
If you sit at your computer without ever getting up, you'll hurt your back.
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うちのチームは今季、負けっぱなしだ。
Our team has lost game after game this season.
12 more examples
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昨日の会議は、部長が一人で話しっぱなしだった。
At yesterday's meeting, the manager did all the talking, nonstop.
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映画が面白くて、最初から最後まで笑いっぱなしでした。
The movie was so funny that I laughed nonstop from start to finish.
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洗濯物が、昨日から外に干しっぱなしだ。
The laundry has been left hanging outside since yesterday.
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自転車に鍵を差しっぱなしにしていませんか?
You haven't left the key in your bike, have you?
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気づいたら、パソコンの電源が一晩中入りっぱなしになっていた。
I realized the computer had been left on all night.
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散らかしっぱなしの部屋を見て、母がため息をついた。
My mother sighed when she saw the room, left in a mess.
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東京から鹿児島まで、八時間電車に乗りっぱなしだった。
I was on the train nonstop for eight hours from Tokyo to Kagoshima.
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病院で二時間も待たされっぱなしで、くたくたになった。
I was kept waiting at the hospital for two whole hours and got completely worn out.
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コンタクトを入れっぱなしで寝ると、目に悪いですよ。
Sleeping with your contact lenses in is bad for your eyes.
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赤ちゃん、さっきから泣きっぱなしだけど、大丈夫?
The baby has been crying nonstop for a while — is everything okay?
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ミスが続いて、今週はお客さんに謝りっぱなしでした。
With one mistake after another, I spent the whole week apologizing to customers.
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アプリを開きっぱなしにすると、電池が早く減る。
If you leave apps open, the battery runs down quickly.
Important notes
- The tone is usually disapproving (carelessness, "how long is this going to go on?"), but it can be neutral and casual: エアコンはつけっぱなしのほうが安い, 最後まで笑いっぱなしだった.
- っぱなし behaves like a noun — の before a noun, だ as a predicate, に with する/なる, で to give a cause; in casual speech it often stands alone: 電気、つけっぱなし!
Common mistakes
- ✗ 窓を開けたっぱなしにした → ✓ 窓を開けっぱなしにした — っぱなし attaches to the ます-stem, not the た-form (a mix-up with 開けたまま).
- ✗ 立ちっぱなしに疲れた → ✓ 立ちっぱなしで疲れた — a cause is linked with で, not に.
- ✗ この町は古いっぱなしだ → ✓ この町は昔のままだ — っぱなし only goes with verbs; an unchanged adjective or noun state takes まま.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
- Vた/Vない/Aい/Aな/Nの + まままま is a neutral "in the same state", often a backdrop for another action (靴を履いたまま入る), and it also works with Vない, adjectives and nouns (昔のまま). っぱなし only takes verbs and puts the carelessness or the dragging-on in focus.
- 〜ておくておく emphasizes preparation or deliberately maintaining a state; っぱなし emphasizes leaving it unchanged or continuing without a break. Both can be deliberate; っぱなし often, but not always, carries reproach.
- Vているている simply describes a state with no judgment (立っている = is standing); 立ちっぱなし = standing far too long without a break — a complaint.
- 〜ばかりVてばかり (負けてばかり) means "does nothing but…", stressing monotonous repetition; っぱなし stresses that the state never breaks. Vたばかり (負けたばかり) is something else entirely — "just did".
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