Meaning
Use it in formal reporting when event or factor A causes a change, damage, or another observable result B. It does not fit a person's intentional decision and normally does not connect to a plain state description.
Formation
- N+によって+change/event・N+による+result noun
When to use it
- Where to use it
- It fits news, reports, and mechanisms of consequence: an earthquake destroyed a bridge, or an error cut communication.
- Where not to use it
- Do not use it before an intentional B such as 'because of rain I decided to cancel the hike'; ~ため(に)/ので is more natural. Avoid an unchanged state as B.
Examples
20 sentences-
材料不足によって工場の生産が停止した。
A shortage of materials caused production at the factory to stop.
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地震によって古い石橋が崩れた。
An earthquake caused the old stone bridge to collapse.
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長時間の停電によって水族館の設備に問題が起きた。
A prolonged power outage caused problems with the aquarium's equipment.
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新しい薬による副作用が報告された。
Side effects caused by the new medicine were reported.
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大雨による土砂崩れで、山道が通れなくなった。
A landslide caused by heavy rain made the mountain road impassable.
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操作ミスによって探査機との通信が途絶えた。
An operating error cut off communication with the probe.
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急な気温の変化によって桜が一週間早く咲いた。
A sudden change in temperature caused the cherry blossoms to bloom a week early.
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SNSの誤情報によって店の前に長い列ができた。
False information on social media caused a long line to form outside the store.
12 more examples
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火山灰による影響で、空の便がすべて欠航した。
All flights were canceled because of the effects of volcanic ash.
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その小さな発見によって研究の方向が大きく変わった。
That small discovery caused the direction of the research to change dramatically.
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大雨によって川の水が増えました
Heavy rain caused the river level to rise.
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地震によって古い橋が壊れました
The old bridge was destroyed by an earthquake.
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強い風によって木が倒れました
Strong wind brought down a tree.
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事故による渋滞でバスが遅れました
The bus was delayed by a traffic jam caused by an accident.
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停電によって工場の作業が止まりました
A power cut stopped work at the factory.
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雪による遅れが続いています
Snow-related delays are continuing.
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誤解によって友達とけんかになりました
A misunderstanding led to an argument with my friend.
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長い雨によって野菜の値段が上がりました
Prolonged rain caused vegetable prices to rise.
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火事による被害は大きかったです
The damage caused by the fire was extensive.
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人口の増加によって新しい学校が必要になりました
Population growth created a need for a new school.
Important notes
- による modifies a result noun, while によって connects the cause to a predicate.
Common mistakes
- Do not mix cause with means or 'depending on'; verify that A genuinely brought about B.
- Do not present a volitional action as a mechanical result when a person made a decision.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
- ~ためだ・~ため(に)(原因)によって frames a formal, objective cause; ため also fits personal explanations.
- ~によって・~によってはThe 'depending on' use varies an outcome by a parameter; causal によって names the factor that brought an event about.
- ~によって・~による(手段)Causal によって answers 'because of what?', while the means use answers 'by what method?'. The form is shared but the roles differ.
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