Meaning
は after an amount means 'at least, no less than': the speaker names a lower limit — it may well be more. It is used to estimate time, prices or numbers of people (一時間はかかる, 千円はする) or to set a minimum standard (週に一回は連絡して). It is neither topic は nor emphatic も 'as many as'.
Formation
- number+counter+は: 一時間 → 一時間はかかる
- sum+は+する (price): 三万円 → 三万円はする
- Nに+amount+は (frequency): 週に一回 → 週に一回は
- 少なくとも+amount+は — 五回 → 少なくとも五回は読んだ
When to use it
- Where to use it
- In 'no less than…' estimates and in minimum requirements or wishes: 駅まで二十分はかかる, 一日に一回は外に出たほうがいい. Often paired with 少なくとも, with predicates such as かかる, する, いる, ある, 必要だ.
- Where not to use it
- Meaning: it is not used to stress that an amount is large or small — use も for 'as many as' and しか〜ない or だけ for 'only'. Style: no restrictions; it is neutral in both speech and writing.
Examples
20 sentences-
このラーメン屋は人気で、いつも十人は並んでいる。
This ramen shop is so popular that there are always at least ten people in line.
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このかばん、ブランド品だから三万円はするよ。
That bag is a designer brand, so it costs at least thirty thousand yen.
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大好きな本だから、少なくとも五回は読んだ。
It's my favourite book, so I've read it at least five times.
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毎日、三十分は歩くようにしています。
I try to walk for at least thirty minutes every day.
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週に一回は連絡してね。
Get in touch at least once a week, okay?
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空港まで、タクシーでも一時間はかかりますか?
Does it take at least an hour to the airport, even by taxi?
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毎年このお祭りには、少なくとも千人は集まる。
Every year at least a thousand people gather for this festival.
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一日に一回は外に出ないと、体に悪いよ。
If you don't go outside at least once a day, it's bad for your health.
12 more examples
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この雨は、あと三日は続くらしい。
Apparently this rain will go on for at least three more days.
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この仕事に慣れるまで、半年はかかるでしょう。
It will probably take at least six months to get used to this job.
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祖父の時計は、作られてから百年は経っているそうです。
Apparently my grandfather's watch was made at least a hundred years ago.
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引っ越しには、手伝いの人が少なくとも三人は必要だ。
For the move, we need at least three people to help.
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あのレストランでコースを頼んだら、一人一万円はするよ。
If you order the course meal at that restaurant, it'll be at least ten thousand yen a person.
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この辺りのマンションは、五千万円はしますか?
Do apartments around here cost at least fifty million yen?
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運動不足なので、週に二回はジムに通っています。
I don't get enough exercise, so I go to the gym at least twice a week.
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夜中に雪が降って、三十センチは積もった。
It snowed during the night, and at least thirty centimeters piled up.
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日の出を撮るために、山頂で三時間は待ちました。
I waited on the summit for at least three hours to get a photo of the sunrise.
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このスープ、一晩は煮込むんですか?
Do you simmer this soup for at least a whole night?
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仕事がまだ残っているので、あと二時間は帰れません。
I still have work left, so I can't go home for at least another two hours.
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新しい漢字は、少なくとも十回は書いて覚えます。
I learn new kanji by writing each one at least ten times.
Important notes
- With a negative the meaning flips: 百人はいなかった — 'there weren't even a hundred people', i.e. fewer than a hundred.
- The close せめて〜は ('at the very least') belongs to wishes and requests (せめて一日は休みたい), while 少なくとも〜は works both for sober estimates and for wishes.
- 数量+も — も after an amount stresses that it is a lot ('a whole three hours'), often with surprise or complaint; は calmly names a lower limit ('no less than three hours').
Common mistakes
- ✗ 週に一回も連絡してね → ✓ 週に一回は連絡してね — 一回も doesn't work in an affirmative request: it normally comes with a negative and means 'not even once'.
- ✗ 少なくとも三日しかかかる → ✓ 少なくとも三日はかかる — しか needs a negative and means 'only', whereas 少なくとも means 'no less than'.
- △ 三時間はかかった (meant to complain: 'a whole three hours!') → ✓ 三時間もかかった — は only names a lower limit; surprise at a large amount is expressed with も.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
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