Meaning
Shows that an action began but never reached its end: 読みかけの本 is a half-read book, and 言いかけてやめた means someone started to say something and broke off. With verbs of instant change (死ぬ, 忘れる, 消える) it means "almost, nearly": the change is underway but not complete. It is not simply "to start" (はじめる) — かける always carries a sense of incompleteness.
Formation
- Vます+かける: 読みます → 読みかける/読みかけた
- Vます+かけて、… (action broken off): 言います → 言いかけて、やめた
- Vます+かけている (change already underway): 忘れます → 忘れかけている
- Vます+かけ+の+N: 飲みます → 飲みかけのコーヒー
- Vます+かけ+だ/です: 書きます → まだ書きかけだ
When to use it
- Where to use it
- For tasks and things left halfway — 食べかけのパン, やりかけの仕事, 言いかけてやめる — and for things that came close to happening — 溺れかけた, 電池が切れかけている.
- Where not to use it
- Not for "I've started and I'm carrying on" — that's 読みはじめた. In 話しかける, 呼びかける and 追いかける, かける is part of the verb ("to address, to direct at"), not "left unfinished".
Examples
20 sentences-
机の上に読みかけの本が置いてある。
There's a half-read book lying on the desk.
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このコーヒー、飲みかけですか?
Is someone halfway through this coffee?
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彼は何か言いかけて、急に黙ってしまった。
He started to say something, then suddenly fell silent.
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子どものころ、海で溺れかけたことがある。
When I was a child, I once nearly drowned in the sea.
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山で道に迷って、本当に死にかけました。
I got lost in the mountains and really almost died.
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忘れかけていた昔の夢を思い出した。
I remembered an old dream I had almost forgotten.
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スマホの電池が切れかけているから、充電しておこう。
My phone's battery is almost dead, so I'll charge it.
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まだ書きかけのレポートが三つもあるんです。
I still have three half-written reports.
12 more examples
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やりかけの仕事は明日に回さないほうがいい。
It's better not to put off half-finished work until tomorrow.
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治りかけの風邪が、またひどくなった。
My cold was almost gone, but now it's gotten bad again.
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編みかけのセーターを、今年の冬こそ完成させたい。
This winter I really want to finish the sweater I started knitting.
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試験では、解きかけの問題を残して時間切れになった。
In the exam, time ran out with one problem left half-solved.
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電車に乗りかけたところで、忘れ物に気づいた。
Just as I was getting on the train, I realized I'd left something behind.
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彼は手を挙げかけたが、結局何も質問しなかった。
He started to raise his hand but in the end didn't ask anything.
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横断歩道で、自転車にぶつかりかけた。
I nearly ran into a bicycle at the crosswalk.
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夕日が沈みかけていて、空がオレンジ色になっている。
The sun is starting to set, and the sky has turned orange.
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ドアを開けかけて、中から声が聞こえたのでやめた。
I started to open the door, but stopped when I heard voices inside.
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このパソコンは直しかけだから、まだ使えないよ。
I'm only halfway through fixing this computer, so it can't be used yet.
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地震のとき、棚が倒れかけたんですか?
Did the shelf almost fall over during the earthquake?
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シャツのボタンが取れかけているよ。
The button on your shirt is about to come off.
Important notes
- With action verbs (読む, 書く, 食べる) it means "started and stopped"; with instant-change verbs (死ぬ, 忘れる, 壊れる, 消える) it means "almost, on the verge of".
- かけ behaves like a noun — before a noun use かけの, at the end of a sentence かけだ/かけです.
Common mistakes
- ✗ 読むかけの本 → ✓ 読みかけの本 — かける attaches to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form.
- ✗ 食べかけなパン → ✓ 食べかけのパン — かけ is a noun, so it links to the next noun with の.
- ✗ 山で死にはじめた (meaning "I nearly died") → ✓ 山で死にかけた — はじめる never means "nearly", and 死にはじめる can't be said of one person's death.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
- Vます + 始めるはじめる just marks the start, with no sense of leaving off: 読みはじめた = started reading (and am continuing), 読みかけ = started and stopped; はじめる never means "nearly".
- 〜ところだVるところだった is "nearly" for an event that never actually began; かけた means the change was already underway. Also, ところ can't modify a noun the way かけの does.
- ~きる・~きれないThe opposite: きる means seeing it through to the end (読みきった), かける means stopping halfway (読みかけた).
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