Meaning
まるで means 'just like, as if' and opens a figurative comparison that closes with ようだ / みたいだ (or ような / ように, みたいな / みたいに). The speaker knows it isn't really so, but the resemblance is striking. It is not a guess about what is actually happening.
Formation
- まるで + Nのようだ / Nみたいだ — 夢 → まるで夢のようだ / まるで夢みたいだ
- まるで + Nのような / Nみたいな + N — 戦場 → まるで戦場のような忙しさ
- まるで + Nのように / Nみたいに + V / A — 他人 → まるで他人のように話す
- まるで + plain form (usually Vている / Vた) + ようだ / みたいだ: 夢を見ている → まるで夢を見ているようだ
- Polite: ようです / みたいです: ホテル → まるでホテルのようです
When to use it
- Where to use it
- In vivid comparisons and exaggerations: まるで夢のような一日, まるで子どもみたいに喜ぶ, 熱が下がって、まるで生まれ変わったようだ. ようだ is neutral and fine in writing; みたいだ is the conversational version.
- Where not to use it
- Grammar: leave out まるで when ようだ / みたいだ express an inference about a real fact (雨が降っているようだ 'it seems to be raining' takes no まるで); まるで does not pair with らしい as a comparison. Style: まるで's usual partners are ようだ / みたいだ (appearance そうだ is much rarer: まるで今にも動き出しそうな人形); in formal writing prefer ようだ to みたいだ.
Examples
20 sentences-
新しい部屋は広くて、まるでホテルのようです。
The new apartment is so spacious — it's just like a hotel.
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好きな歌手に会えて、まるで夢を見ているようだ。
I got to meet my favorite singer — it feels like I'm dreaming.
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弟は最近、まるで他人のように冷たい。
Lately my younger brother has been cold to me, as if we were strangers.
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このコーヒー、薄くてまるで水みたいだ。
This coffee is so weak, it's like water.
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今朝は、まるで冬みたいな寒さですね。
It's as cold as winter this morning, isn't it?
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雪で、いつもの道がまるで別の場所みたいに見える。
With all the snow, my usual street looks like a completely different place.
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熱が下がって、まるで生まれ変わったような気分です。
My fever has gone down, and I feel like I've been born again.
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彼女の日本語は自然で、まるで日本人が話しているみたいだ。
Her Japanese is so natural, it's as if a native speaker were talking.
12 more examples
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あの二人、まるで本当の姉妹みたいじゃない?
Don't those two seem just like real sisters?
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年末の職場は、まるで戦場のような忙しさだ。
At the end of the year, the office is as hectic as a battlefield.
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あの雲は、まるで大きな魚のように見える。
That cloud looks just like a big fish.
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寝ている猫は、まるで笑っているように見える。
The sleeping cat looks as if it's smiling.
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ライトアップされた古い駅は、まるでお城のようです。
Lit up at night, the old station looks just like a castle.
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この部屋、まるで泥棒が入ったみたいに散らかっている。
This room is such a mess, it's as if a burglar broke in.
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彼女はまるで天使のような笑顔で子どもたちを迎えた。
She greeted the children with a smile like an angel's.
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まるで子どもみたいなことを言わないで。
Don't say things like a little kid.
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今日の海は、まるで鏡のように静かだ。
Today the sea is as calm as a mirror.
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今回の試験は簡単すぎて、まるで小学生のテストのようだった。
This exam was so easy, it was like a test for elementary school kids.
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この料理、まるでお店の味みたいですね。
This dish tastes just like something from a restaurant.
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窓の外は真っ白で、まるで雲の中にいるようだ。
Everything outside the window is white, as if we were inside a cloud.
Important notes
- まるで with a negative and no ようだ / みたいだ has a different meaning, 'not at all': まるで分からない = 全然分からない. If no comparison follows, まるで most likely means 'completely'.
- The form depends on position: ようだ / みたいだ end the sentence, ような / みたいな come before a noun, ように / みたいに before a verb or adjective. Bookish speech also has まるで~かのようだ 'as though'.
Common mistakes
- ✗ まるで夢ようだ → ✓ まるで夢のようだ — after a noun, ようだ needs の (whereas みたいだ attaches directly: 夢みたいだ).
- ✗ 彼はまるで子どもらしい → ✓ 彼はまるで子どものようだ / 子どもみたいだ — 子どもらしい means 'childlike, as a child should be' and does not compare an adult to a child; まるで needs ようだ / みたいだ.
- △ まるで雨が降るようだ (meant 'it looks like it will rain') → どうやら雨が降るようだ / 雨が降りそうだ — with まるで the sentence becomes a figurative 'as if it were raining', not a forecast.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
- 〜ようだWithout まるで, ようだ often marks an inference from evidence (誰か来たようだ 'someone seems to have come'); with まるで it is only a figurative comparison with something that isn't real.
- 〜らしいNらしい means 'typical of N, as N should be' (子どもらしい of a child acting like a child) or 'reportedly'; まるで~ようだ compares something to what it is not.
- そうですVます + そうだ means 'looks about to…, looks like' about something real (雨が降りそうだ); まるで~ようだ is a figurative comparison.
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