Meaning
Forms the plain negative verb form.
Formation
- Group 1: the -i syllable shifts to the -a row plus ない: 書きます → 書かない; an -i stem gives わ: 買います → 買わない
- Group 2: ます → ない: 食べます → 食べない
- Group 3: しない, 来ない (konai). Group 1 exception: ある → ない (not あらない)
When to use it
- Core use
- Forms the plain negative verb form
Examples
13 sentences-
朝ご飯を食べない
I do not eat breakfast.
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今日は学校へ行かない
I will not go to school today.
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日曜日は会社に行かない
I do not go to the office on Sundays.
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小さな荷物を運ばない
I will not carry the small luggage.
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青い封筒を選ばない
I will not choose a blue envelope.
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古い雑誌を捨てない
I will not throw away the old magazines.
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台所の窓を開けない
I will not open the kitchen window.
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旅行の写真を見ない
I will not look at the travel photos.
5 more examples
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短い手紙を書かない
I will not write a short letter.
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友達の話を聞かない
I will not listen to my friend's story.
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駅の名前を覚えない
I will not memorize the station name.
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家の鍵を探さない
I will not look for the house key.
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晩ご飯の準備をしない
I will not prepare dinner.
Important notes
- Special negatives: ある → ない, する → しない, 来る → 来ない (こない). Verbs ending in う take わ: 買う → 買わない.
Common mistakes
- Do not decide the group from the final る alone: 帰る → 帰らない, but 見る → 見ない. くない and すない are not negatives of 来る or する.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
Hear it in podcasts
The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.
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