Meaning
Forms the plain past negative verb form.
Formation
- Take the ない form and swap い for かった: 行かない → 行かなかった
- Group 2: 食べなかった; group 3: しなかった, 来なかった
When to use it
- Core use
- Forms the plain past negative verb form
Examples
14 sentences-
昨日テレビを見なかった
I did not watch television yesterday.
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朝ご飯を食べなかった
I did not eat breakfast.
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昨日は忙しくて、昼ご飯を食べなかった
I was busy yesterday and did not eat lunch.
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雨が降らなかったから、公園へ行きました
It did not rain, so we went to the park.
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小さな荷物を運ばなかった
I did not carry the small luggage.
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青い封筒を選ばなかった
I did not choose a blue envelope.
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古い雑誌を捨てなかった
I did not throw away the old magazines.
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台所の窓を開けなかった
I did not open the kitchen window.
6 more examples
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旅行の写真を見なかった
I did not look at the travel photos.
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短い手紙を書かなかった
I did not write a short letter.
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友達の話を聞かなかった
I did not listen to my friend's story.
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駅の名前を覚えなかった
I did not memorize the station name.
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家の鍵を探さなかった
I did not look for the house key.
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晩ご飯の準備をしなかった
I did not prepare dinner.
Important notes
- Build the negative first, then make it past: 買わない → 買わなかった. ある gives なかった; the polite colloquial form is 読まなかったです.
Common mistakes
- Do not add た to ない (行かないた) or combine two past forms (読んだなかった). Replace ない with なかった.
Check yourself
Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.
Similar grammar
Hear it in podcasts
The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.
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