Vる／Vた + N — Lets a verb clause modify a noun | JLPT N5 grammar

Meaning

Lets a verb clause modify a noun.

Put the predicate in a plain form (Vる, Vた, Vない, Vなかった) right before the noun: 昨日買った本
No の and no comma between the clause and the noun

13 sentences

これは昨日きのう買ったかった本ほんです
This is the book I bought yesterday.
日本語にほんごを話すはなす人ひとです
This is a person who speaks Japanese.
昨日きのう図書館としょかんで借りたかりた本ほんを電車でんしゃで読みましたよみました
On the train I read the book I borrowed from the library yesterday.
母ははが作っつくったスープはおいしいです
The soup my mother made is tasty.
兄あにの買っかった自転車じてんしゃは青いあおいです
The bicycle my older brother bought is blue.
私わたしが読むよむ本ほんは日本語にほんごの本ほんです
The books I usually read are in Japanese.
父ちちの使っつかっているパソコンは古いふるいです
The computer my father uses is old.
先生せんせいが書いかいた漢字かんじを読んよんでください
Please read the kanji the teacher wrote.

5 more examples

The describing clause goes directly before the noun, and its tense still counts: 明日読む本 (the book I will read tomorrow), 昨日読んだ本 (the book I read yesterday). No word for 'which' or 'that' is needed.

Do not put の between a verb and the noun: 昨日買った本, not 昨日買ったの本. Nouns and na-adjectives keep their own links: 日本の本, 静かな町.

Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.

Sentence 1: 姉あねの撮っとった写真しゃしんを見みました I looked at the travel photos.I looked at the photos my older sister took.I will look at the travel photos.
Sentence 2: 私わたしの知らしらない言葉ことばがあります I watched a film yesterday.There are words I do not know.I get up at seven every morning.
Sentence 3: 妹いもうとがよく歌ううたう歌うたを聞きましたききました I ate breakfast.I study Japanese at school.I listened to a song my younger sister often sings.

The pattern appears in these episodes. They open in the app with the transcript and translation.