Meaning
ではありませんでした is the polite past negative copula; じゃなかった and ではなかった are plain alternatives.
Formation
- Noun or na-adjective stem + ではありませんでした.
- In plain style, use + じゃなかった; + ではなかった is a more neutral written alternative.
When to use it
- Correcting a past fact
- Clarifies what someone or something was not in the past.
- Negating a past state
- Says that a quality expressed by a na-adjective was absent.
Example
昨日は休みではありませんでした
Yesterday was not a day off.
Important notes
- じゃ is a conversational contraction of では; choosing the full or contracted form changes style, not tense.
Common mistakes
- Do not apply this pattern to verbs: 行きませんでした and 行かなかった are formed differently.
- Use くなかった with an i-adjective: 高くなかった.