JLPT N5 · Particles: roles and direction

〜は

Marks the statement topic or a contrast

Meaning

Marks the statement topic or a contrast.

Formation

  1. Goes after what the sentence is about: 私は学生です
  2. It replaces が and を, but is added to に, で, から: 東京にはあります
  3. Written は, read wa

When to use it

Core use
Marks the statement topic or a contrast

Examples

14 sentences
  • コーヒーは飲みのみますが紅茶こうちゃは飲みのみません

    I drink coffee, but I do not drink tea.

  • 今日きょうは図書館としょかんで日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうします

    Today I will study Japanese at the library.

  • 父ちちは東京とうきょうに住んですんでいます

    My father lives in Tokyo.

  • お酒おさけは飲みのみません

    I do not drink alcohol.

  • 私わたしの妹いもうとは大学生だいがくせいです

    My younger sister is a university student.

  • 夏なつはよく海うみへ行きいきます

    In summer I often go to the sea.

  • この建物たてものは美術館びじゅつかんです

    This building is an art museum.

6 more examples
  • 東京とうきょうには友達ともだちがいます

    I have friends in Tokyo.

  • 図書館としょかんでは静かにしずかにしてください

    Please be quiet in the library.

  • 私わたしは行きいきません。弟おとうとは行きいきます

    I am not going. My younger brother is.

  • この本ほんはもう読みよみました

    I have already read this book.

  • 母ははは毎朝まいあさコーヒーを飲みのみます

    My mother drinks coffee every morning.

  • 次つぎの授業じゅぎょうは音楽おんがくです

    The next class is music.

Important notes

  • は marks the topic or a contrast — コーヒーは飲みます (as for coffee, I drink it). It does not always mark who performs the action. Written は, read wa.

Common mistakes

  • A question word cannot be the topic: だれが来ますか, not だれは来ますか. は replaces が and を but is added to に, で and から: 東京には.

Check yourself

Pick the translation of each sentence. The wrong options translate similar patterns, so watch the grammar rather than the words.

  1. Sentence 1: 東京とうきょうには友達ともだちがいます

  2. Sentence 2: この本ほんはもう読みよみました

  3. Sentence 3: 次つぎの授業じゅぎょうは音楽おんがくです

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